{"id":"W4405187692","doi":"10.3390/batteries10120437","title":"An AI-Driven Particle Filter Technology for Battery System State Estimation and RUL Prediction","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Batteries","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Particle filter; Benchmark (surveying); Computer science; Battery (electricity); State of health; Degeneracy (biology); Nonlinear system; Artificial intelligence; Kalman filter; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007215975,0.0001344577,0.0001317924,0.0001946161,0.00007597362,0.0001448098,0.0001198708,0.00009865014,0.00001246284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001987668,0.0001290969,0.00001816464,0.0001962827,0.0001244546,0.0005952731,0.00005150272,0.0001498044,0.00002864526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009099905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008386916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001504462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004068828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991832,0.00001092347,0.0001841697,0.000241215,0.00009171278,0.0002887173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996102,0.00005277247,0.00001103853,0.0002577404,0.00003127184,0.0000369349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006357545,0.0000411339,0.01150435,0.005011458,0.0002089245,0.0000889611,0.001067454,0.109321,0.3394538,0.004419759,0.008262731,0.5205569],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001432112,0.0001610556,0.0008365318,0.000142023,0.0000121865,0.00004457623,0.0004087485,0.9257765,0.06776779,0.001386384,0.003164805,0.000156128],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5905297,0.0002477795,0.4049058,0.0008309422,0.0002306898,0.000274746,0.0001326492,0.002831096,0.00001665221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933894,0.0000357384,0.006010162,0.00002604393,0.00003414131,0.0003793822,0.00003175056,0.00004582834,0.00004756381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8164556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5264418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01131902124747089,"score_gpt":0.267884080513673,"score_spread":0.2565650592662022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}