{"id":"W4405338409","doi":"10.3389/fanim.2024.1493796","title":"Perspectives of dairy farmers on positive welfare opportunities for dairy cows in Ontario, Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Animal Science","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Dairy Farmers of Ontario","keywords":"Dairy cattle; Welfare; Dairy industry; Animal welfare; Business; Agricultural science; Agricultural economics; Animal science; Economics; Food science; Environmental science; Biology; Ecology; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002465966,0.0002943091,0.000339331,0.0008298379,0.01694512,0.002988748,0.0008832302,0.0008284663,0.004036738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002875693,0.0003491765,0.0001890814,0.001401351,0.005014572,0.00086233,0.002376655,0.001076306,0.000143383],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0359956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04135101,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9582448,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9879903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978618,0.0007325329,0.00005288677,0.0001474255,0.0004772095,0.0007280165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953576,0.001476274,0.0004066518,0.00004999919,0.001256564,0.001452986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001057045,0.00003213516,0.0334938,0.0001717335,0.000009763821,0.001657276,0.9488513,0.00006403677,0.003659417,0.0008854059,0.002054662,0.009014739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004351135,0.00003665388,0.03001914,0.0001069065,0.000007549103,0.0001184317,0.948262,0.00004066605,0.0001885372,0.00009738164,0.0210943,0.00002411206],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984045,0.001016587,0.0002451174,0.003489048,0.00004084449,0.00003863411,0.000140966,0.00000611095,0.01097777],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920535,0.001119139,0.0002664689,0.0006215813,0.000009032477,0.00002725439,0.00004566629,0.00000722003,0.005850158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0417552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2611675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05437297146562176,"score_gpt":0.3031891157520246,"score_spread":0.2488161442864028,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}