{"id":"W4405370858","doi":"10.1145/3708549","title":"Disease Outbreak Detection and Forecasting: A Review of Methods and Data Sources","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare","topic":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Harm; Social media; Outbreak; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Public health; Leverage (statistics); Disease surveillance; Disease; The Internet; Internet privacy; Data science; Health care; Business; Public relations; Environmental health; Computer science; Medicine; Political science; World Wide Web; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00143196,0.0004180578,0.001940086,0.0002815942,0.000200163,0.00002981882,0.0003303744,0.0001604112,0.000004999416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001076384,0.0003410459,0.0003578411,0.0004311333,0.0001004896,0.00006444826,0.00009297211,0.0005459372,0.000002216123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008706036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004679532,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005477271,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003697749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970699,0.0004091278,0.00103394,0.0009896335,0.0002044081,0.0002930003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996008,0.001289068,0.0004340771,0.001683492,0.0001771786,0.0004082012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002701543,0.00002343209,0.000005001384,0.3964905,0.0001436248,0.00000321157,0.00001267479,2.628124e-7,6.438519e-8,0.000002777192,0.00004565213,0.6032457],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002708861,0.000206537,0.00004847861,0.3295881,0.004845071,0.0001504413,0.00002105863,0.001192401,5.370569e-7,0.00006281377,0.6633408,0.0002729202],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000008408791,0.9511983,0.04052762,0.0007550485,0.000344727,0.002419149,0.004589455,0.0001527067,0.000004590974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001120932,0.9732437,0.02495967,0.0002748698,0.0001467797,0.00009361361,0.001042471,0.00009254419,0.00003425933],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6632951,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2436126184403192,"score_gpt":0.5038544175407229,"score_spread":0.2602417991004037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}