{"id":"W4405514705","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering11121286","title":"The Accuracy of Algorithms Used by Artificial Intelligence in Cephalometric Points Detection: A Systematic Review","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Bioengineering","topic":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","field":"Dentistry","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cephalometric analysis; Artificial intelligence; Convolutional neural network; Computer science; Radiography; Algorithm; Diagnostic accuracy; Machine learning; Medicine; Orthodontics; Radiology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009043756,0.0004194218,0.001722891,0.0008315381,0.00004946296,0.000158682,0.0006001705,0.0001376894,0.00001248699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008752746,0.0002832212,0.0007879285,0.004620137,0.00004400176,0.0001283742,0.0001081319,0.0005436297,0.0002157117],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001526632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003513375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002077639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006962052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971274,0.0001384595,0.001653071,0.000369798,0.0003859096,0.0003253337],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982778,0.0006712519,0.0004197933,0.000535874,0.00003219463,0.00006301751],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[3.832548e-7,0.00001342164,1.302129e-7,0.6931195,0.0001471512,0.0000373148,0.00001232986,5.678137e-7,0.000003042045,0.00004031275,0.00004981061,0.306576],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002720039,0.00002200458,4.812166e-7,0.9446052,0.002206729,0.0004065362,0.00006707741,0.0009545766,0.0000519602,0.00003215543,0.05116015,0.0004659198],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001797707,0.9929913,0.003821236,0.0000054646,0.001599474,0.001406343,0.00005474228,0.00008697991,0.00003270714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003630689,0.9990564,0.00006436622,0.000004444669,0.00008238376,0.0002886648,0.00001595721,0.00006482637,0.00005987433],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3061101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999962,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03989673370614415,"score_gpt":0.3337801125112186,"score_spread":0.2938833788050744,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}