{"id":"W4405623976","doi":"10.29173/hsi422","title":"COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: The Need for Investment in Research","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Science Inquiry","topic":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Investment (military); Business; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Economic growth; Outsourcing; Developing country; Development economics; Political science; Economics; Medicine; Marketing; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01168912,0.00006774342,0.0001864536,0.0006502495,0.0005473521,0.00005504243,0.0001968585,0.00005218156,0.00005596095],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002943586,0.00004567534,0.0000324559,0.00437776,0.001013128,0.0001206676,0.0001685755,0.0005613559,0.00001977072],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00188462,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01301317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00179407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001761615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973777,0.0002091939,0.0003239638,0.0003956437,0.0007569452,0.0009365495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983379,0.0004306812,0.0000327325,0.0003504409,0.0002513884,0.0005968434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005559945,0.001627296,0.7683679,0.001604943,0.00001237128,0.0002750691,0.05201115,0.0004222335,0.026277,0.03919687,0.06991132,0.03973785],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007208075,0.002399404,0.5867826,0.0005675321,0.00000548933,0.0004148073,0.05969276,0.01394238,0.001853328,0.01583654,0.3109461,0.0003509274],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9050494,0.001606893,0.0002543845,0.08870189,0.0003414301,0.001786614,0.00000365002,0.00003029356,0.002225441],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875335,0.0003920034,0.0002815663,0.01066449,0.0001289128,0.0003056751,0.000003797608,0.00000687953,0.0006832111],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2410348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9925821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6416966385032037,"score_gpt":0.5877527605304399,"score_spread":0.05394387797276379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}