{"id":"W4405661265","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4995571","title":"Disinformation in the Digital Age: Impacts on Democracy and Strategies for Mitigation","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Disinformation; Democracy; Political science; Business; Political economy; Economics; Politics; Social media; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005439528,0.0004955421,0.0005956934,0.003260493,0.002718818,0.01034523,0.0006454234,0.004433584,0.02925477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01924268,0.0001927634,0.0004444706,0.003611312,0.007015435,0.009817027,0.005161515,0.003000658,0.001863271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00362171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003571697,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003898749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004581515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960355,0.002172214,0.0001068248,0.0002487733,0.0007986362,0.0006380584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9746612,0.01769391,0.002340099,0.001370281,0.002467614,0.00146684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001101525,0.00013777,0.006788965,0.0003040407,0.00004369654,0.0002673446,0.003049677,0.001448473,0.0002854809,0.9112712,0.02618101,0.05011231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003171236,0.00008283198,0.008132731,0.0007616092,0.00003823924,0.0003309856,0.01224527,0.001848651,0.0007811238,0.8342404,0.141462,0.00004434176],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09965962,0.0343198,0.009488191,0.2635009,0.001648426,0.00007606327,0.0007994575,0.0001168231,0.5903906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9510501,0.01824308,0.001228214,0.007007374,0.001368892,0.00004122339,0.00009008242,0.00004272596,0.02092827],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02925477,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09786695,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01723319851620312,"score_gpt":0.3230048254671048,"score_spread":0.3057716269509017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}