{"id":"W4405721291","doi":"10.1086/732194","title":"To Protect and to Serve: Police, Power, and the Production of Inequality in the United States","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Crime and Justice","topic":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Cambridge; Princeton University; McGill University; Louisiana State University; University of Oxford; Harvard University; York University; University of Pennsylvania","keywords":"Inequality; Production (economics); Power (physics); Political science; Computer security; Criminology; Law and economics; Business; Psychology; Computer science; Sociology; Economics; Physics; Mathematics; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00127514,0.0001270195,0.0001390841,0.001958236,0.006641195,0.005998311,0.0005012897,0.0009132395,0.002452089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002977904,0.0001508623,0.00007525833,0.00287646,0.007391128,0.003599304,0.003819195,0.002513913,0.0001044035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004888341,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004202611,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07834461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1524393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991997,0.0004211793,0.00002116188,0.00004812039,0.000130815,0.0001789805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998673,0.0005971545,0.0002286414,0.00004489564,0.0001591024,0.0002972977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001127338,0.0001920477,0.0974976,0.0001442221,0.00002840259,0.0005555368,0.310374,0.0004882278,0.0001416749,0.3912593,0.06380016,0.1354061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000246199,0.00007540239,0.2244831,0.001523938,0.00003341729,0.00025321,0.4023383,0.0008778347,0.0002628795,0.1002479,0.2698166,0.00006279584],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6268049,0.046042,0.0003512231,0.1965192,0.0005755871,0.0000152467,0.0001516999,0.00001083385,0.1295292],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857502,0.009262384,0.00007742806,0.002444337,0.0002645464,0.00001083396,0.00003240753,0.000006842552,0.002150983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07834461,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1557772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03484992077668574,"score_gpt":0.3601443687582979,"score_spread":0.3252944479816121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}