{"id":"W4405732476","doi":"10.1111/acfi.13391","title":"Operating flexibility and optimal capital structure","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting and Finance","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Economics; Capital structure; Bankruptcy; Volatility (finance); Monetary economics; Leverage (statistics); Debt; Operating leverage; Profit margin; Flexibility (engineering); Microeconomics; Econometrics; Profitability index; Macroeconomics; Finance; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002134966,0.0001896618,0.0001766075,0.00006278293,0.0002597296,0.0007992279,0.0001046618,0.0000748783,0.00002376902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006549928,0.0001699497,0.00003018353,0.0002979466,0.00009163655,0.001723483,0.0001364734,0.0002137588,0.00003266644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001227342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002211371,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004033213,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006102039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989218,0.000002898278,0.0001979133,0.0004836308,0.0001302947,0.0002634441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996549,0.00003144873,0.00008909596,0.0001591651,0.00005998172,0.000005434401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004420654,0.00005834288,0.5687687,0.002036705,0.00005920858,0.0002268413,0.0009041558,0.001257927,0.003852534,0.1854399,0.009365361,0.2279861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005781177,0.00002493618,0.6886497,0.0006100792,0.00006396315,0.0000544959,0.0002148245,0.0893496,0.0001405931,0.00997568,0.2094725,0.0008655611],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9945745,0.003284494,0.0002264893,0.0004803377,0.0003917291,0.0001061643,0.00001702218,0.0001302531,0.0007889578],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974763,0.0001572215,0.0004450335,0.0006056435,0.0009446722,0.000006509291,0.000008242703,0.0000226934,0.0003336816],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2271205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7706973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009940528117831584,"score_gpt":0.2116651081062405,"score_spread":0.2017245799884089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}