{"id":"W4405751823","doi":"10.1002/hec.4926","title":"Are E‐Cigarettes Substitutes or Complements to Combustible Cigarettes Among Youths? Evidence From Canada","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Economics","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Environmental health; Affect (linguistics); Quit smoking; Youth smoking; Smoking cessation; Difference in differences; Cigarette smoking; Psychology; Medicine; Public health; Tobacco control; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00351946,0.0003338111,0.0006881993,0.00205016,0.001773616,0.002542529,0.00124827,0.0006417026,0.004377068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01294878,0.0003787215,0.001090277,0.004982962,0.001334834,0.0009805196,0.0009677754,0.001229598,0.0002165657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02504187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05013095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9913116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9952385,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969589,0.0003684488,0.0001916882,0.0004122983,0.001412022,0.0006566594],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902245,0.002035995,0.002054687,0.0002796162,0.004606269,0.000798898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007380227,0.00008335363,0.909002,0.001982257,0.0008237455,0.0001925455,0.002578004,0.0003072061,0.0002632151,0.003729426,0.008715677,0.07158438],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006847666,0.00005882769,0.9701464,0.001851556,0.001222302,0.00009975836,0.004394373,0.0004681673,0.000306782,0.0005439731,0.02079435,0.00004511384],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8157346,0.09472356,0.0006557756,0.01511727,0.0002488511,0.0001970676,0.02096608,0.00002815653,0.05232864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727155,0.02146921,0.0003040264,0.001880063,0.0000486815,0.00002108191,0.002304471,0.00001146637,0.001245501],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02504187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1816924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1119502759700024,"score_gpt":0.3462969919162311,"score_spread":0.2343467159462287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}