{"id":"W4405757489","doi":"10.3390/earth5040055","title":"Influence of Biochar Feedstocks on Nitrate Adsorption Capacity","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth","topic":"Clay minerals and soil interactions","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Nova Scotia Department of Energy","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Canadian Bureau for International Education","keywords":"Biochar; Freundlich equation; Langmuir; Adsorption; Nitrate; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Organic chemistry; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001255679,0.0000643481,0.00007878384,0.00006086582,0.00003333154,0.00004882155,0.0000653786,0.00003226034,0.0006508878],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003223976,0.00005270404,0.00004123411,0.0001094126,0.00004844599,0.0001526595,0.00001295136,0.00008744908,0.001333259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009954575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002251902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003323336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008604057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994608,0.0000256852,0.0001353711,0.0001476547,0.0001261087,0.0001043842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997128,0.00004417286,0.00002844645,0.0001357405,0.00004482652,0.00003405997],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008313561,0.00001930158,0.00004872203,0.00001897897,0.00000283877,0.000001835419,0.0002151851,0.002347106,0.9942704,0.002506017,0.0004179208,0.0001433536],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004560074,0.00009359119,0.005581864,0.00011402,0.000005390416,0.000006162371,0.00001441386,0.0004524002,0.9905928,0.0003481795,0.002676064,0.00006952674],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972386,0.00005322332,0.00005285582,0.0001260002,0.0003277817,0.00005791496,0.00004379193,0.00007051561,0.002029336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983771,0.000009649439,0.0001030297,0.00007504655,0.00008126333,0.000006675002,0.000002494444,0.000006117633,0.001338669],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005533142,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02263427596889968,"score_gpt":0.2643809982122866,"score_spread":0.2417467222433869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}