{"id":"W4405812870","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2024.131203","title":"Waste-free technologies of coal gangue processing: Extraction of metals and improvement of soil","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Gangue; Extraction (chemistry); Waste management; Heavy metals; Environmental science; Coal; Engineering; Metallurgy; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001786048,0.00007326346,0.0001511337,0.0003097888,0.00003629272,0.00001313827,0.0001005864,0.0001244571,0.00003070229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008747874,0.00005908468,0.00001479113,0.0004046487,0.0002697608,0.0001706566,0.00001613272,0.00007774866,0.000002016494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001694218,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004059341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008962419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001082027,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993214,0.0000103323,0.0002899629,0.0001974556,0.0001036444,0.00007720814],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995198,0.00002830354,0.0001610904,0.0001835588,0.00009557658,0.0000116489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000423431,0.00004248787,0.004425058,0.000635132,0.00003148061,6.814174e-7,0.000306925,0.0001102509,0.320493,0.007647071,0.0002823643,0.6659832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001760087,0.0004194154,0.008248191,0.00005599594,0.00003933711,0.00001645601,0.00198689,0.008342657,0.9652265,0.0124352,0.002951026,0.0001022837],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821211,0.01269919,0.001288823,0.002765213,0.00009893341,0.0002180372,0.00004779762,0.000127834,0.0006330432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984957,0.0007440379,0.0005546362,0.000004294538,0.00001072977,0.000003706213,0.00002976159,0.000001874137,0.000155269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6658809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2409403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01503609600027909,"score_gpt":0.2580023286436198,"score_spread":0.2429662326433407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}