{"id":"W4405833231","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.121006","title":"Elucidating the origins of ultrafine particles in a major city using long-term datasets: Evidence of a new midday process","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric Environment","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Term (time); Process (computing); Environmental science; Ultrafine particle; Computer science; Materials science; Nanotechnology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002903181,0.0001526234,0.0002034056,9.282027e-7,0.00005219216,0.00002744913,0.0002951678,0.00004444482,0.002090499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004636536,0.0001051465,0.00005333431,0.0002972751,0.0001752857,0.0002526559,0.00002806628,0.0001358569,0.00001500654],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002885766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009275752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002251602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00019722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987174,0.0000414282,0.0003975884,0.0003001578,0.0002979662,0.0002454533],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992487,0.000237237,0.0001332813,0.0002985069,0.000003789725,0.00007845824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005350249,0.00005837184,0.9287086,0.0003879936,0.00004384232,0.00003836065,0.0009450677,0.04315015,0.009671926,0.000005960486,0.00003794668,0.01689827],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006312676,0.000279714,0.849814,0.002176238,0.0001982544,0.00006031272,0.0009121926,0.07154626,0.07284968,0.0002458134,0.0007259136,0.0005603519],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924432,0.005148069,0.001948221,0.0001272116,0.00006044119,0.0001959198,0.00003807287,0.00001357255,0.0000252998],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950977,0.0002898623,0.004437085,0.00003090361,0.00005280709,0.00000231624,0.00002906863,0.000005023716,0.0000552131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07889462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03408979656709683,"score_gpt":0.2683998836662346,"score_spread":0.2343100870991378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}