{"id":"W4405912772","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104017","title":"Study on the helium liquefaction characteristics in the Laval nozzle","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cryogenics","topic":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Liquefaction; Nozzle; Helium; Materials science; Nuclear engineering; Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Thermodynamics; Atomic physics; Physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000302186,0.0001377398,0.0001032591,0.00007670387,0.00005775583,0.0001192702,0.0003080387,0.00008750822,0.00002131685],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005411069,0.00007903524,0.00005963394,0.0003207464,0.00003036825,0.00004963498,0.00003346673,0.0004443791,0.0001496817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005752234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001628722,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007995535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005408755,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993084,0.00003477096,0.0001556042,0.0001410594,0.0001673451,0.0001928252],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994272,0.0001589375,0.00001097245,0.0003794494,0.00001062179,0.00001280385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002637608,0.002381413,0.04110285,0.0007172975,0.002083124,0.002128677,0.1056118,0.004678172,0.1356421,0.1134712,0.3444036,0.2475161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001337771,0.001672428,0.284889,0.0003784878,0.0004690881,0.0001693388,0.1001359,0.05574438,0.04727935,0.006273636,0.4993944,0.002256173],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948264,0.0005894905,0.0001449431,0.001380638,0.0008588177,0.0003303688,0.000009671021,0.000674859,0.001184749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992481,0.0002055945,0.00000794371,0.00009726952,0.0001606518,0.0001017386,0.000002976089,0.00002720044,0.0001485198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2452599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3222964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02251987520855878,"score_gpt":0.2459307941654905,"score_spread":0.2234109189569317,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}