{"id":"W4405969006","doi":"10.3390/jrfm18010008","title":"Corporate Governance and Obfuscation in Chairmen’s Letters: The Case of MENA Banks","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Obfuscation; Accounting; Business; Political science; Financial system; Management; Economics; Finance; Computer science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00738677,0.000131759,0.0001810704,0.0009991346,0.003716362,0.004254866,0.0005118377,0.001259211,0.00304852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02654473,0.0002306896,0.0001563543,0.001346842,0.00300672,0.001785593,0.001870205,0.001265611,0.0004034961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003464683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003479426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02138816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03269204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944594,0.003473078,0.0002236328,0.0003872402,0.0006001957,0.0008564892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9675198,0.01249623,0.01424728,0.001579222,0.002071802,0.002085635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002916954,0.0003552375,0.6936002,0.0001840414,0.00006307957,0.01600667,0.1941851,0.0006296421,0.001271338,0.02120457,0.008391197,0.06381708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004384639,0.0002146735,0.6880051,0.0005258564,0.0001064817,0.0048722,0.2454402,0.001835166,0.001548135,0.005075233,0.05224842,0.00008465585],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901078,0.0004776036,0.0001877069,0.003831747,0.00002082095,0.00001825109,0.00002244725,0.000005869324,0.005327749],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984286,0.0001563092,0.0001315873,0.0002889875,0.00001615113,0.000005399857,0.000009440673,0.000002222991,0.0009612315],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02138816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04252732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00934821337357507,"score_gpt":0.1915011225106094,"score_spread":0.1821529091370343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}