{"id":"W4406047224","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c08893","title":"Characterization of the Porosity and Permeability of Gasified Coal in UCG Process: An Experimental and Simulation Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"PetroChina Company Limited","keywords":"Porosity; Coal; Permeability (electromagnetism); Underground coal gasification; Materials science; Computer simulation; Environmental science; Coal mining; Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Geology; Composite material; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry; Membrane; Simulation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008289527,0.00003918685,0.00007415705,0.00004273127,0.0000191952,0.000005459345,0.00004928111,0.00003179905,4.088435e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003446475,0.0000326274,0.000004181195,0.0001071744,0.00004166735,0.00007410196,0.00002051536,0.00003586584,2.15659e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000939266,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004125591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007777089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006995821,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999714,0.00001532787,0.0001206708,0.00007386395,0.0000418533,0.00003425555],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998173,0.00001601009,0.00002689881,0.0001168644,0.00001787329,0.00000501258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001408633,0.0001591328,0.6186414,0.00007844891,0.00000490036,4.360027e-8,0.004367555,0.001606087,0.3735373,0.0000680074,2.660663e-7,0.001522706],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001627996,0.00003130392,0.7670702,0.00001072434,0.000002848814,7.289093e-8,0.002164776,0.00642475,0.2240556,0.00005294565,0.000001085597,0.00002283241],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999603,0.00003875114,0.00007259102,0.00001699751,0.00001861394,0.0001786063,0.000003351349,0.00003916063,0.00002889593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9999655,0.000002652286,0.000009646942,0.000002493924,0.000001397775,0.000008878911,0.000002803393,0.000002397452,0.00000423518],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1494817,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1330507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01564864787459656,"score_gpt":0.2750726766409011,"score_spread":0.2594240287663045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}