{"id":"W4406062620","doi":"10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125019","title":"Weakened hydrophobic interactions enhance bubble release in electrocatalytic water-splitting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; University of Alberta","keywords":"Bubble; Hydrophobic effect; Water splitting; Chemical engineering; Chemical physics; Chemistry; Materials science; Mechanics; Physics; Organic chemistry; Engineering; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003098585,0.0004767616,0.0005196395,0.000600467,0.0002930216,0.00005370332,0.0005592955,0.0001703356,0.000541058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001704952,0.0004673201,0.0002277736,0.0007117199,0.0001473819,0.0003048741,0.0003396656,0.0005170695,0.001497035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001782637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005295892,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001202951,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001139831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967818,0.00006079667,0.0007274508,0.001039789,0.0004567764,0.0009334032],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986176,0.0001027556,0.0001413601,0.0009905549,0.000009249436,0.0001384738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001466328,0.0003631688,0.0003488641,0.00002272106,0.0001965207,0.0000209735,0.0002636382,0.002379823,0.9849313,0.001677182,0.0001331808,0.009515997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009113514,0.00003489106,0.0004056167,0.00002874103,0.0001817817,0.00001049439,0.0003657975,0.001149627,0.9821917,0.0009458542,0.01329954,0.0004746419],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697155,0.0001984815,0.0003728525,0.0002385727,0.0001361804,0.0002727992,0.000002385343,0.0001650819,0.02889809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919066,0.00008718983,0.0001327657,0.000336474,0.00006231305,0.0002622578,0.001159932,0.00007044059,0.005982004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02291609,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002564338203656335,"score_gpt":0.1997684162618908,"score_spread":0.1972040780582345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}