{"id":"W4406088661","doi":"10.3390/chemengineering9010006","title":"Optimizing Chloride and Calcium Ion Extraction from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash from Zhoushan, China: Effects of Leaching Conditions and Industrial Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemEngineering","topic":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Tongji University; University of Toronto; University of Toronto Mississauga; Queen's University","keywords":"Fly ash; Incineration; Leaching (pedology); Incinerator bottom ash; Waste management; Municipal solid waste; Extraction (chemistry); Chloride; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Bottom ash; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003669981,0.0005221327,0.0004245413,0.0006023403,0.0004014778,0.000611711,0.0002896531,0.000414126,0.0004016031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002676711,0.0001889275,0.0005886155,0.0004890092,0.0001931126,0.0004116226,0.000351157,0.0002789736,0.0002205536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005198848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008567137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008979011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02846192,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997464,0.00002351847,0.00004128967,0.00004833037,0.00009779832,0.00004271482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999352,0.000009758064,0.00001356631,0.000003912813,0.00002700544,0.00001053677],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001088546,0.00006319657,0.002294755,0.000447703,0.00002741622,0.000130924,0.00006664712,0.001037641,0.9877256,0.00006611214,0.00007410558,0.007957134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002280679,0.0002908955,0.01021051,0.00002143133,0.00006661176,0.0000751894,0.0001439715,0.002482128,0.984647,0.00004154444,0.001971517,0.00002644672],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978234,0.0007379052,0.0005964958,0.00004897844,0.000007485815,0.00003058504,0.0001526056,0.00001629088,0.0005863607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950457,0.001276398,0.002030641,0.00003561504,0.000004973073,0.00003818991,0.0003262395,0.0000166044,0.001225692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008979011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0178535,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01653232760719119,"score_gpt":0.2646010138338468,"score_spread":0.2480686862266556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}