{"id":"W4406088661","doi":"10.3390/chemengineering9010006","title":"Optimizing Chloride and Calcium Ion Extraction from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash from Zhoushan, China: Effects of Leaching Conditions and Industrial Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ChemEngineering","topic":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Tongji University; University of Toronto; University of Toronto Mississauga; Queen's University","keywords":"Fly ash; Incineration; Leaching (pedology); Incinerator bottom ash; Waste management; Municipal solid waste; Extraction (chemistry); Chloride; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Bottom ash; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001304915,0.0001832358,0.0002689892,0.0001537373,0.0001458089,0.00006574606,0.00006342163,0.0001850352,0.000007122666],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008078745,0.0002031148,0.00003121433,0.0001697398,0.0000284217,0.0002276041,0.00004507874,0.0002503582,6.927104e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004800956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001198725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002293088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001342526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991209,0.00002204904,0.0003918297,0.0002258774,0.00008764111,0.0001517275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999539,0.0001211688,0.00007519242,0.0001777704,0.0000319357,0.0000549898],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002042047,0.00001672663,0.00005200096,0.0001248051,0.00008151171,4.240154e-7,0.0004114669,0.1851637,0.8090203,0.0001627709,0.00005130545,0.004894511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009239719,0.00002240649,0.0006173771,0.0004374415,0.0001076861,0.000001079532,0.0002664687,0.1474286,0.8483558,0.0002410632,0.001392451,0.0002056778],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9465966,0.000890954,0.05045519,0.00004426878,0.001318185,0.0003207191,0.00003127372,0.000190739,0.0001521181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975631,0.0003599944,0.0008658383,0.000005761789,0.000826373,0.00008346064,0.0002210523,0.00002448051,0.00004995216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05096653,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8282779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01653232760719119,"score_gpt":0.2646010138338468,"score_spread":0.2480686862266556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}