{"id":"W4406098507","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125370","title":"Freezing process in a cold energy battery: A combined experimental, numerical and statistical perspective","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Perspective (graphical); Battery (electricity); Process (computing); Energy (signal processing); Mechanical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Computer science; Thermodynamics; Physics; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008117365,0.000202738,0.0002596557,0.0002060213,0.00002920974,0.00005722167,0.0001303456,0.00007506604,0.00004935719],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001604343,0.0002241991,0.00001471743,0.0002760434,0.00003155773,0.00006814177,0.00007772406,0.0001746169,0.000004184789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000204718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001716434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004583681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002298803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990543,0.00001130476,0.0001821986,0.0002370717,0.0001320322,0.0003831643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996696,0.00009461254,0.000009123161,0.000129885,0.00001471632,0.00008209939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005747941,0.00005383199,0.00002609918,0.0001345428,0.00004804888,0.00002809874,0.0007297751,0.0355797,0.9065205,0.05656823,0.00003588558,0.0002178227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00146428,0.00004016059,0.0004911716,0.00009151402,0.000008692141,0.000003225192,0.0006709651,0.2940031,0.7023448,0.0003125779,0.0001964067,0.0003731333],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9579314,0.0006445188,0.03599719,0.00004500812,0.0001544856,0.0002932577,0.0000167785,0.0003822124,0.004535123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991366,0.000009995149,0.0003876413,0.00003859556,0.0000414926,0.0003239712,0.000005631153,0.00004752879,0.000008589663],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2584234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9142575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007525824932561233,"score_gpt":0.2528794968270128,"score_spread":0.2453536718944515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}