{"id":"W4406104355","doi":"10.54254/2754-1169/2024.19421","title":"The Impact of ESG Ratings on Corporate Social Responsibility Across Regions and Industries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advances in Economics Management and Political Sciences","topic":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate social responsibility; Corporate governance; Business; Sustainability; Workforce; Sustainable development; Relevance (law); Social responsibility; Sustainable business; Corporate sustainability; Public relations; Accounting; Political science; Economic growth; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007317353,0.0001189618,0.0001561646,0.00009539983,0.000583687,0.0002561751,0.0002181493,0.000037734,0.000002970365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001631146,0.00008431381,0.00003000282,0.0003651807,0.002239974,0.0008462828,0.0003858853,0.00008502321,0.000001055167],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001007153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001884439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002534135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001594775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989921,0.00001972053,0.0002669999,0.0002866193,0.00006353857,0.0003710641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994128,0.0002799453,0.0001542985,0.0001213931,0.00001912778,0.00001245034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004913978,0.00002774588,0.3056486,0.00003889528,0.000005514802,6.614925e-7,0.00001977827,0.0001743736,2.983635e-7,0.6790334,0.00003390086,0.01496775],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002264463,0.00002157924,0.5598246,0.00002054885,0.000006938169,2.055278e-7,0.001733531,0.0007018408,0.000007366137,0.4332541,0.004111319,0.00009147833],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772528,0.0001308368,0.00002097925,0.003618866,0.00008273707,0.000238303,0.000003017348,0.0000101288,0.0186423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991373,0.0001972213,0.00002767506,0.0003737406,0.00004556027,0.0000150506,0.000001136753,0.000002966338,0.0001993372],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2541761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8253279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02004116267510421,"score_gpt":0.3051824385687092,"score_spread":0.2851412758936051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}