{"id":"W4406105838","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgae044","title":"Spatial patterns of microplastics in freshwater bivalves (Bivalvia: Unionidae and Sphaeriidae) relative to municipal wastewater effluent discharges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Environment and Climate Change Canada; McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Jarislowsky Foundation; Environment and Climate Change Canada; McMaster University; University of Guelph","keywords":"Microplastics; Mussel; Unionidae; Bivalvia; Hemolymph; Gill; Abiotic component; Effluent; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Wastewater; Freshwater bivalve; Environmental science; Ecology; Mollusca; Fishery; Chemistry; Environmental engineering; Fish <Actinopterygii>","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007346667,0.0001591964,0.0001407349,0.0008087214,0.0004141372,0.0004932299,0.000210611,0.0002244945,0.0004905807],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002688181,0.0001947212,0.000133998,0.0006798037,0.0002920013,0.0001539277,0.0003441262,0.0001655438,0.0001250486],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009536427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004845825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2592644,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5734603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998797,0.000004463555,0.000006915901,0.00005331796,0.00003046016,0.00002509181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996227,0.00002087385,0.0001393399,0.00001362466,0.0001431155,0.00006033933],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007213493,0.000008582609,0.963975,0.00002722823,0.00002694164,0.00009986653,0.0008618312,0.00008286115,0.03110717,0.00002085028,0.00009644447,0.003621085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[2.588864e-7,0.000005413947,0.9994561,0.000001298379,0.000002475225,0.00002013516,0.0002031137,0.00002184571,0.0002221388,0.000001312685,0.00006507381,9.198484e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999347,0.00006923554,0.00004913704,0.00000453175,5.379567e-7,0.000002132871,0.0002534263,0.000002756363,0.0002710921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987508,0.00008977939,0.0001166934,0.000007821886,0.000001011916,0.000006773702,0.0004172508,0.000001746576,0.0006081139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2592644,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5155106,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00349015652671777,"score_gpt":0.1969787614777156,"score_spread":0.1934886049509978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}