{"id":"W4406117805","doi":"10.31216/bdl.20240030","title":"Comparative Analysis of PISA 2018 Science Achievement of High and Low Performers in Korea, Canada, and Taiwan","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Institute of Brain-based Education Korea National University of Education","topic":"Education, Safety, and Science Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001001274,0.00008449997,0.0002347647,0.001161869,0.000300615,0.00001551752,0.0002122343,0.00003713836,0.00004419174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003085578,0.00009731489,0.00004025688,0.00246422,0.002353316,0.0004968476,0.00002297967,0.00005556814,1.656969e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006343151,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02887562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5134919,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.59158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986181,0.00006345626,0.000275724,0.0002516452,0.0006675789,0.0001234962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981472,0.0002678449,0.00025483,0.00009942221,0.001142453,0.00008820289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009690386,0.002033297,0.3888333,0.0005864502,0.0004351809,2.530882e-7,0.1887802,0.005712654,0.002849761,0.3856607,0.006998538,0.01801281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001680304,0.00004490181,0.8999984,0.0001712095,0.0001256257,1.691413e-7,0.094463,0.0007505701,0.0005988705,0.001197351,0.002358181,0.0001236423],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9860213,0.00018618,0.00007856632,0.008033999,0.0006448914,0.0001989217,0.00006664061,0.000004029081,0.004765439],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985856,0.00008087271,0.0008926535,0.00006211738,0.00003282813,0.000001703035,0.00006695012,0.000001592092,0.0002757248],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5111652,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9766297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01870669020283566,"score_gpt":0.3028582038020866,"score_spread":0.2841515135992509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}