{"id":"W4406120844","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-72096-3_2","title":"A Kuhnian Account of Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Palgrave Studies in International Relations","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University of Edmonton","funders":"","keywords":"Paradigm shift; Epistemology; Philosophy; Cognitive science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002091786,0.0005404148,0.0004147712,0.002090496,0.004539208,0.005517722,0.001468321,0.002605172,0.009864242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003846046,0.0004501484,0.0005253632,0.003268811,0.0268422,0.0149151,0.002416655,0.004712244,0.001600749],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005229863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002669077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005870735,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005994687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981578,0.001008705,0.00006078407,0.0002533612,0.0003024529,0.0002168601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982949,0.001017363,0.0001244294,0.000261484,0.0002406938,0.00006103838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001195761,0.000001208149,0.000007442954,0.000002564226,4.72494e-7,0.000003396024,0.0002026434,0.00002822642,0.000006958906,0.9985725,0.0007191998,0.0004541448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002967376,0.000001271467,0.00002406856,0.000006560459,7.873485e-7,0.00001537672,0.0001412075,0.00008320453,0.00001566319,0.9856579,0.01404906,0.000001895796],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.009149992,0.006314982,0.03690399,0.01832027,0.0005327258,0.00003785725,0.0001534739,0.00008314475,0.9285036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8491648,0.003733794,0.02077364,0.005427788,0.001112271,0.0003556621,0.0001177147,0.0001858346,0.1191285],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9954608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03794545,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09668083236182055,"score_gpt":0.3036519505615002,"score_spread":0.2069711181996796,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}