{"id":"W4406143641","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5033032","title":"Do Common Owners Greenwash? Evidence from Corporate Carbon Emissions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Business; Carbon fibers; Natural resource economics; Carbon offset; Environmental science; Economics; Materials science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001616295,0.000226742,0.0004705597,0.0003807731,0.0003124581,0.0001315376,0.000573808,0.0001670603,0.00009971001],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002349192,0.0002300187,0.0001796935,0.0006833486,0.000069906,0.0003283127,0.0001003822,0.001667784,0.00008746519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00138816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001268782,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002462024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001109469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969223,0.00004210316,0.0006877963,0.0004335424,0.00007052948,0.001843761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998605,0.000115754,0.0006520929,0.0004497768,0.00007655171,0.0001008596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008511249,0.00005997008,0.4992337,0.00001194754,0.0001967054,0.00002034356,0.0001983895,0.0001096017,0.00004149982,0.4883883,0.001025333,0.01062914],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006420928,0.0001406993,0.02773388,0.0001553941,0.00002629594,0.00002199659,0.001195736,0.0006912256,0.0000599936,0.9590276,0.01000429,0.0003008025],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9233269,0.05606362,0.003056392,0.003750109,0.0006769707,0.0001688606,0.00002411394,0.00004752153,0.01288548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9702552,0.01251309,0.00007370194,0.0002340438,0.0002149524,0.00001228379,0.000007096893,0.00002424255,0.01666541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4714998,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.937989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03026150524167882,"score_gpt":0.2450671409109556,"score_spread":0.2148056356692768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}