{"id":"W4406146265","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5084564","title":"Access to Digital Credit for Smallholder Farmers: Experimental Evidence from Ghana","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Exploit; Financial inclusion; Agriculture; Business; Product (mathematics); Imperfect; Downstream (manufacturing); Financial services; Finance; Agricultural economics; Economics; Marketing; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003053912,0.0003273573,0.0004083334,0.0004659078,0.001423816,0.001284475,0.0005632248,0.001133103,0.02610161],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01324725,0.0002161878,0.0001723624,0.0007828443,0.002946157,0.001873349,0.001121052,0.0007540758,0.001151738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001069404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007576661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01220781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01642266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989329,0.0006251641,0.00004374206,0.0001444559,0.0001004159,0.0001533304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9707167,0.02132271,0.004586495,0.001585948,0.0007477613,0.001040375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02547061,0.053903,0.6768915,0.001605053,0.000304948,0.004147619,0.05014261,0.001417468,0.02790448,0.01743153,0.00429504,0.1364862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00495505,0.02303303,0.8385981,0.0007388348,0.0005435102,0.001084207,0.08010949,0.002293485,0.01091531,0.01706195,0.02055598,0.0001109718],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967505,0.00008878488,0.0001200807,0.0001948296,0.000003379376,0.00005187036,0.00007043854,0.000002150092,0.002718099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981669,0.0001482195,0.0001409152,0.00005577836,0.000004826982,0.00004672913,0.00005656766,0.000002158978,0.001377802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02610161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0873186,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04209227151783538,"score_gpt":0.2916093249387122,"score_spread":0.2495170534208768,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}