{"id":"W4406156224","doi":"10.22329/il.v44i4.8461","title":"What are Deep Disagreements?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03352358,0.0006115734,0.001260608,0.004502469,0.01097742,0.01922635,0.002790282,0.008176572,0.01082345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09233853,0.0005787266,0.0009277252,0.005562332,0.04486931,0.03254202,0.01237616,0.01029451,0.00126815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007547327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004811031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002556332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00182408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9505538,0.0299602,0.002210632,0.005290557,0.009025043,0.002959639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9133517,0.05998292,0.007926807,0.007455887,0.007961282,0.003321457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004422604,0.00001921314,0.001614826,0.00009086268,0.00002228842,0.0001397887,0.01968001,0.0002542277,0.00008648277,0.9628458,0.002944553,0.01225782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001040134,0.00001057846,0.0007599531,0.0001824527,0.00001061775,0.00009871051,0.01401858,0.0007025924,0.0001286932,0.9627689,0.0212902,0.00001845273],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.227168,0.01109327,0.102513,0.1662653,0.001664917,0.0001761546,0.0004344218,0.000187442,0.4904975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9879382,0.001031265,0.003007024,0.002947723,0.0003311317,0.00005734883,0.0001010202,0.00005718194,0.004529138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03352358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1772918,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02482682795352078,"score_gpt":0.2865627252349799,"score_spread":0.2617358972814591,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}