{"id":"W4406174812","doi":"10.2196/51598","title":"How to Design Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF) Questions to Maximize Semantic Interoperability in Clinical Research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Interactive Journal of Medical Research","topic":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preprint; Interoperability; Computer science; Information retrieval; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.03720487,0.0001480557,0.000453666,0.0008664433,0.000140288,0.0001253386,0.0009976274,0.0004482424,0.00006411543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1465038,0.0001097704,0.0001755925,0.001013746,0.0006138758,0.00001519429,0.0008952648,0.003579834,0.00001576979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003858124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002711263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002738915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001000082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9923511,0.003395541,0.001050276,0.0005393487,0.00178368,0.0008800552],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993201,0.003325651,0.0001172753,0.0005348715,0.002064496,0.0007567711],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009454826,0.002470731,0.00514658,0.000125928,0.0005714751,0.06202706,0.00129343,0.0000185764,0.01851029,0.000361255,0.1472075,0.7528123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006885337,0.03191961,0.01823529,0.005546722,0.00006819155,0.0511215,0.01993757,0.001180785,0.05424105,0.01204386,0.7979474,0.0008726617],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8620365,0.000578807,0.06732944,0.06875519,0.0004914891,0.0004637467,0.000002478943,0.000006082124,0.000336219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951602,0.0003779827,0.00228877,0.0004593068,0.0003783009,0.00005128754,0.000001968465,0.0000135905,0.001268612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7519397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1568443054302473,"score_gpt":0.5448064106503372,"score_spread":0.3879621052200899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}