{"id":"W4406195421","doi":"10.1016/j.trpro.2024.12.012","title":"Comparing Relative Safety of Railway Transport Level Crossings by Data Envelopment Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation research procedia","topic":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Federal Highway Administration","keywords":"Data envelopment analysis; Transport engineering; Level crossing; Engineering; Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007359595,0.0001579378,0.0003411192,0.0004538881,0.0001613249,0.00002301164,0.0004379874,0.0001021937,0.00003161576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003375257,0.0001574627,0.00007045189,0.001660501,0.0001542713,0.0003859384,0.0000112936,0.0004350618,0.000003209535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001059869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001471257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002462832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006916915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981856,0.00002141167,0.0005476898,0.0003327936,0.0005107644,0.0004017916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991302,0.00008800011,0.00004671483,0.000367995,0.0002915633,0.00007546195],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004922461,0.0001681026,0.819935,0.002443858,0.004663681,0.00002883211,0.02086629,0.06618455,0.03473234,0.00894983,0.02325925,0.01827607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007821475,0.00001720817,0.9518546,0.0001897609,0.000234052,1.129162e-7,0.0005751514,0.008384702,0.02125604,0.0003155414,0.01615823,0.0002323903],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6766358,0.00078628,0.3128328,0.0001357627,0.0002745262,0.0007296113,0.0008762405,0.000332316,0.007396688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945692,0.0002475268,0.003482145,0.000007876928,0.00002362627,0.00003250447,0.001042642,0.0000232133,0.0005712957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3179334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6421141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07391519596261073,"score_gpt":0.3520748587206198,"score_spread":0.2781596627580091,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}