{"id":"W4406220365","doi":"10.1145/3711898","title":"“Sign in with ... <i>Privacy</i> ”: Timely Disclosure of Privacy Differences among Web SSO Login Options","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Login; Internet privacy; Sign (mathematics); Single sign-on; Computer security; Business; Web application; Privacy policy; Information privacy; World Wide Web; Computer science; Password","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008395895,0.000307999,0.0004709704,0.0004385906,0.0009184501,0.0001444249,0.001287238,0.0003075392,0.0001698046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005790458,0.0002746671,0.0001198263,0.001051097,0.0008574612,0.0009088175,0.0001237841,0.0007415775,0.00000681079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003628118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003483813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009064474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973546,0.00053374,0.000513461,0.0006323833,0.0004664126,0.0004994498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979787,0.0004829887,0.0001713279,0.001068086,0.0001263524,0.0001725035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003137228,0.01047394,0.5716109,0.001496833,0.001078175,0.00008671226,0.1977268,0.0002626088,0.002201622,0.1212585,0.002800522,0.08786618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007040841,0.001189913,0.4943937,0.001483433,0.0005218895,0.00001537909,0.01425092,0.001194347,0.005269307,0.4371088,0.03557215,0.001959258],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752897,0.0004400251,0.01332057,0.006682425,0.0002677821,0.000978557,0.0001627116,0.0001687803,0.002689432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963174,0.002047693,0.001102331,0.000121588,0.00004187597,0.00008460813,0.00001776013,0.00001475231,0.0002520201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3158503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02137966611515041,"score_gpt":0.2805163873095544,"score_spread":0.259136721194404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}