{"id":"W4406248884","doi":"10.1075/ml.24027.deg","title":"NLP and education","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Mental Lexicon","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Natural language processing; Semantic similarity; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Similarity (geometry); Reading comprehension; Test (biology); Comprehension; Scale (ratio); Cloze test; Portuguese; Brazilian Portuguese; Reading (process); Information retrieval; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008753372,0.00002927592,0.00002065273,0.00001561076,0.00004353447,0.0001231153,0.0001468085,0.000008258519,0.000007916839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001448796,0.00001911118,0.000008752824,0.00004627177,0.00001272048,0.0001410823,0.00008493289,0.00003807934,0.00004596414],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001843783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003085447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001945737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001425678,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997377,0.00001184004,0.00003970742,0.0001031011,0.00005604896,0.00005157099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999827,0.00001334868,0.000005070654,0.0001369799,0.000002645706,0.00001495408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[4.575941e-7,0.000008725403,0.00004105573,0.00001039923,0.000003554595,6.837363e-7,0.00213044,0.000003639922,0.002646417,0.4424855,0.001382601,0.5512865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001626508,0.00007843527,0.001560827,0.0001614373,0.00001211589,0.0001603461,0.0004555993,0.593726,0.0165043,0.2575479,0.1293632,0.0002672447],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7886664,0.00648005,0.1374152,0.03085058,0.003670654,0.000285678,0.000001183187,0.0003479481,0.03228224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952136,0.00001440826,0.002556667,0.0003954427,0.00008079785,0.000005031766,4.747866e-7,0.00000206055,0.001731528],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5937223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1187204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0169318533768733,"score_gpt":0.2724278878849067,"score_spread":0.2554960345080334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}