{"id":"W4406252308","doi":"10.1007/978-981-97-5944-6_23","title":"Bioethanol from Waste Biomass: A Sustainable Approach in Circular Economy","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Proceedings in Technology Transfer","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"University Grants Commission","keywords":"Circular economy; Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Waste management; Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Pulp and paper industry; Business; Economics; Engineering; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001599077,0.0004991453,0.0005290473,0.00236143,0.00002760216,0.00005533872,0.0003962574,0.001986892,0.0001135985],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004014956,0.0005306973,0.0001208766,0.0004017176,0.0002360503,0.0001852203,0.00007580525,0.001476895,0.0001193313],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003903002,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002926723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002299605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002968309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980889,0.000001237624,0.0004692782,0.0008225001,0.000108758,0.0005093542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996623,0.000004923318,0.00001918797,0.0002056955,0.00005947139,0.00004836072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009503392,0.0001889553,0.001153069,0.02615364,0.0008013271,0.000450944,0.001798584,0.00005414581,0.02471291,0.9354572,0.003137887,0.005996264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001298777,0.0001044763,0.000006211038,0.0008090858,0.0001456622,0.00004513186,0.00340295,0.002963419,0.07482957,0.3264001,0.5883784,0.001616174],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03400664,0.01794811,0.0004014037,0.00172237,0.000626925,0.001790123,0.0000477772,0.002950801,0.9405059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.955825,0.0018078,0.0004629219,0.0000512982,0.0002317692,0.0002655375,0.0000647543,0.0002787646,0.04101218],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9218183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008754483645878256,"score_gpt":0.1820562503427317,"score_spread":0.1733017666968535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}