{"id":"W4406281342","doi":"10.1016/j.eap.2025.01.001","title":"Austerity reexamined: Uncovering the role of the shadow economy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Analysis and Policy","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Austerity; Shadow (psychology); Economics; Keynesian economics; Economy; Political science; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002207491,0.00009639112,0.0003477672,0.000226111,0.0001849859,0.0000580169,0.0002493776,0.00003411177,0.0001606444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003413402,0.00007234737,0.0002159526,0.0003719783,0.0001129507,0.00008014598,0.0001625977,0.00006609843,0.00003971783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007878997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003170392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005068203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001100452,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992095,0.0000143648,0.0004219667,0.0002144662,0.000008004457,0.0001316491],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991973,0.00004872293,0.0003435145,0.0003791256,0.0000104684,0.00002083972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002692484,0.000007087666,0.5109949,0.000005877869,0.0004852253,1.327001e-8,0.0001814036,0.0005256978,0.000001987948,0.4860783,0.0002280038,0.001488916],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001539022,0.000006052059,0.7034208,0.000004632584,0.00007494828,2.418289e-7,0.0002822154,0.003844599,0.00006344552,0.1226105,0.1694394,0.00009919707],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5290316,0.002855482,0.0004965403,0.006602709,0.0001513959,0.0001526431,0.0001183862,0.00001322163,0.4605781],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951998,0.0002179508,0.00002077043,0.0006805329,0.00007661989,0.00001374897,0.000001886385,0.00000376357,0.003784948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4661682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7661641,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01284287772650304,"score_gpt":0.2315488032910394,"score_spread":0.2187059255645364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}