{"id":"W4406290555","doi":"10.1016/j.jisa.2024.103961","title":"Intelligent detection framework for IoT-botnet detection: DBN-RNN with improved feature set","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Information Security and Applications","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Trinity College","funders":"","keywords":"Botnet; Computer science; Internet of Things; Feature (linguistics); Set (abstract data type); Artificial intelligence; Computer security; Machine learning; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008402606,0.0008700407,0.001087549,0.0007546976,0.0004335178,0.0006481721,0.001536538,0.0007798605,0.001510789],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001401743,0.0003894042,0.0005732365,0.0005072225,0.0002500289,0.001376,0.001126354,0.001128667,0.0006458422],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006322252,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00105446,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01083179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01297873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995393,0.00005115634,0.00003766036,0.000166309,0.0001346939,0.00007103445],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996083,0.00008804953,0.00003167024,0.0000586411,0.0001822118,0.00003110763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004992803,0.0004385058,0.004167733,0.0001638968,0.000196378,0.0001884389,0.0000865062,0.1979274,0.03832587,0.004992497,0.009892986,0.7431206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009207221,0.00003529765,0.0003526543,0.000004719306,0.00001816061,0.00003517573,0.000006951997,0.9940843,0.003748417,0.001052486,0.0006430111,0.00000959726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02796476,0.0006281202,0.9649998,0.0002015389,0.0002042113,0.00008488442,0.0003042876,0.004368494,0.001243959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5720078,0.0004301451,0.4210565,0.000428271,0.000139722,0.0002397738,0.00132289,0.0002056731,0.004169308],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01083179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02153742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006646488683252418,"score_gpt":0.2501563195625139,"score_spread":0.2435098308792615,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}