{"id":"W4406313541","doi":"10.21083/ajote.v13i3.7614","title":"Investigating the effect of subject specialisations, academic performance, and gender on pre-service teachers’ nature of science beliefs","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Teacher Education","topic":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bachelor; Nature of Science; Subject (documents); Psychology; Science education; Mathematics education; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002067398,0.000107864,0.0001673267,0.0002477293,0.0001231137,0.00003444434,0.0003450625,0.0001068244,0.00005657644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003618439,0.00006753098,0.00004986634,0.000669032,0.0004898194,0.000235966,0.00002563847,0.0007950065,0.000002943437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009825543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006800963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008180986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003571437,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987662,0.0002271557,0.0004007386,0.0001510256,0.0003135874,0.0001412944],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987229,0.0004802163,0.0003953707,0.000171725,0.0001711579,0.00005865827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001054739,0.0002050159,0.7030489,0.0004811323,0.0002039861,6.659138e-7,0.2029075,0.0001406217,0.007095763,0.02844375,0.01935459,0.03801265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000120208,0.0004571213,0.9706932,0.0002387324,0.00008269973,0.000072098,0.02382962,0.00001792648,0.001275942,0.001214422,0.001917349,0.00008072298],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810373,0.003724173,0.00000327203,0.002419094,0.001377694,0.0001370436,0.000001984459,0.000007464535,0.01129194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987739,0.00006195148,0.0001395203,0.0001002286,0.0005912969,0.00001093585,0.000001912858,0.000009909582,0.000310356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2676443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3453952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03543437721811567,"score_gpt":0.3679018033174686,"score_spread":0.332467426099353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}