{"id":"W4406322564","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5033024","title":"Notwithstanding the Notwithstanding Clause: A Case for Constitutional Guardrails on Section 33 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Section (typography); Political science; Law; Law and economics; Sociology; Business; Advertising","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03400087,0.0005738909,0.001399469,0.00111661,0.01272243,0.01347871,0.005841163,0.04599407,0.009751835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06774329,0.001121109,0.001626856,0.001398329,0.02612095,0.01397384,0.00670227,0.04852922,0.001456142],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005333784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01757863,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0339743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04614612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9795268,0.00651131,0.0008096682,0.003150992,0.003730853,0.006270274],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.95207,0.03731999,0.002474612,0.003479225,0.002597653,0.002058401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003721455,0.00003095542,0.0002664299,0.00001184612,0.000005340205,0.0001887197,0.001334886,0.00007313371,0.0001458043,0.986964,0.009224518,0.001717155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002350725,0.00009594911,0.001503076,0.0004212607,0.0001067413,0.0003444295,0.003744365,0.001543813,0.001027858,0.8345655,0.1562837,0.0001283434],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08574139,0.001354758,0.01631961,0.4320531,0.002292398,0.0003128321,0.0002565037,0.000122241,0.4615472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7890873,0.0005896593,0.005424486,0.1648287,0.002192264,0.0004392658,0.0001008182,0.0001460528,0.0371916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9946662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1798159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01230020809489223,"score_gpt":0.294177215335637,"score_spread":0.2818770072407448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}