{"id":"W4406325716","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5092465","title":"Impact of green bonds on issuer's environmental improvements","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Issuer; Bond; Business; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005366438,0.0003679165,0.0007022527,0.0005762574,0.0005933928,0.003046291,0.0006137257,0.002982299,0.01301957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02402882,0.0002834417,0.0007612203,0.0008996812,0.0006327952,0.001978452,0.00106167,0.002927795,0.00104202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001260544,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008989383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00404469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003331444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981401,0.0006472627,0.00009984826,0.0002880012,0.000404546,0.0004202077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9851371,0.006783849,0.004332101,0.0009117568,0.001579391,0.001255726],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01586715,0.00409871,0.2132871,0.0008298692,0.001413631,0.003528069,0.00147846,0.2277022,0.01937996,0.2585145,0.07219527,0.1817051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001657781,0.006664305,0.4666651,0.0002205916,0.002164561,0.001174965,0.003476295,0.2135813,0.02271499,0.2010659,0.08029133,0.0003229037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.952866,0.00138379,0.002602702,0.005939097,0.0004912763,0.00002850966,0.001111547,0.0001704679,0.0354066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930211,0.0003188346,0.0002030522,0.0002428834,0.0001586322,0.000005729304,0.0001748671,0.00001979439,0.005855201],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01301957,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04355478,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01115164069989801,"score_gpt":0.2405659969267487,"score_spread":0.2294143562268507,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}