{"id":"W4406349438","doi":"10.1364/ao.549699","title":"Key considerations for effective optical excitation of low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide terahertz emitters","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Terahertz technology and applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Gallium arsenide; Terahertz radiation; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Optics; Excitation; Gallium; Indium gallium arsenide; Terahertz spectroscopy and technology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008071666,0.0001567656,0.0002099491,0.0001240205,0.0001043694,0.00002672989,0.0001013016,0.0002292777,0.000006272587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007136005,0.0001686582,0.00006115013,0.0002123715,0.0001181525,0.00004639054,0.00002103143,0.0002039012,0.000009963019],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004386091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002461544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.015898e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006127256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992673,0.000006748125,0.0002793933,0.0001904681,0.00006381188,0.0001922873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989957,0.0005892497,0.00003361103,0.00026882,0.00007957182,0.00003305645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001482249,0.0000547633,0.00003009739,0.0001304358,0.0001084702,5.531575e-7,0.000210598,0.002601866,0.381553,0.6097283,0.00211898,0.003448191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001474724,0.00005653946,0.00306656,0.00008953232,0.0001597377,0.00000440535,0.0002415335,0.01046695,0.8801136,0.09852608,0.005379015,0.000421304],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8618546,0.0001075536,0.1160144,0.001136824,0.0003531218,0.002077009,0.0000630566,0.0007035537,0.01768994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9574308,0.00001290558,0.04136698,0.0001975183,0.00003572521,0.0008257285,0.00003530774,0.00002267885,0.00007239323],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5112022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6877683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004699202935819431,"score_gpt":0.2188258529766683,"score_spread":0.2141266500408489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}