{"id":"W4406360179","doi":"10.1111/caje.12752","title":"The local effects of the first Golden Age of Globalization: Evidence from American ports, 1870–1900","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Economic History Association","keywords":"Globalization; History; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005165999,0.000112265,0.000118607,0.001425166,0.0004963079,0.001117106,0.0002032534,0.0002186678,0.004228458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001986559,0.000121235,0.0001547466,0.002597577,0.001238033,0.0009567158,0.001240375,0.0005719638,0.0004004154],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006733435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002330158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03070868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06116062,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997985,0.00005930765,0.0000114245,0.00004206148,0.00003173738,0.00005701908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983588,0.0002726414,0.0006591025,0.0001266232,0.0003066417,0.0002760953],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001138727,0.00005969841,0.9775693,0.00004388828,0.000048191,0.0003351084,0.005287552,0.0003507045,0.0003082217,0.002543368,0.001883482,0.0114566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.907088e-7,0.00001356622,0.9949254,0.00001593563,0.000006746155,0.00002901218,0.002692233,0.00004355228,0.00004906919,0.00008849098,0.002132134,0.000002917946],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923249,0.0002949437,0.00005357828,0.000236647,0.000008711027,0.000001541738,0.000348476,0.000002777867,0.006728386],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989078,0.0002913377,0.00002375926,0.00002880087,0.00001554589,0.000001570539,0.0002910997,0.000002338006,0.0004377566],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03070868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06105983,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05603598266856943,"score_gpt":0.1767478164850631,"score_spread":0.1207118338164937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}