{"id":"W4406369983","doi":"10.3390/educsci15010086","title":"The Relationship Between Education Funding and Student Performance in Unity Schools in Nigeria","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Inefficiency; Socioeconomic status; Ordinary least squares; Stochastic frontier analysis; Sample (material); Order (exchange); Higher education; Public economics; Frontier; Regression analysis; Data envelopment analysis; Economics; Econometrics; Business; Mathematics education; Economic growth; Political science; Psychology; Statistics; Sociology; Finance; Mathematics; Demography; Macroeconomics; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002547422,0.00007029314,0.00007892122,0.0003059151,0.002146787,0.0003682974,0.000386791,0.00005237141,0.00001170846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001082548,0.00005902486,0.00001308892,0.001789569,0.0003403646,0.0006927663,0.00002451228,0.000170406,0.000007859722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000306174,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005420392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002051064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01289601,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986842,0.0003185084,0.0002555775,0.0002259421,0.0002783355,0.0002374292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989049,0.0007169044,0.00009207487,0.0001361776,0.00008367796,0.00006621616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[7.548371e-7,0.00005653325,0.9077213,0.00000556859,7.556212e-7,4.239433e-9,0.01310897,0.000002184042,4.898768e-7,0.06536261,0.000372839,0.013368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004511302,0.000005731082,0.8713592,0.0001163057,0.000001946946,6.626154e-8,0.09672803,0.000002283462,0.000003411404,0.01163549,0.02004251,0.00005989312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9380952,0.001616418,0.000004864235,0.01998359,0.001375016,0.0002805442,5.386443e-7,0.00001355564,0.03863026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954472,0.0005856614,0.00007968541,0.0001666478,0.0001675796,0.00006292238,0.00000351865,0.000001984896,0.003484868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08361906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05492102386965439,"score_gpt":0.4050814144096185,"score_spread":0.3501603905399642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}