{"id":"W4406382956","doi":"10.3390/foods14020262","title":"Ensuring Africa’s Food Security by 2050: The Role of Population Growth, Climate-Resilient Strategies, and Putative Pathways to Resilience","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Foods","topic":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; International Development Research Centre; National Institutes of Health; Fogarty International Center; Medical Research Council; General Administration of Customs; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; South African Medical Research Council; National Research Foundation; Medical Research Council Canada; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Food security; Climate change; Population growth; Population; Agriculture; Extreme weather; Geography; Water scarcity; Natural resource economics; Resilience (materials science); Psychological resilience; Land degradation; Environmental science; Livelihood; Food systems; Water security; Water resources; Economics; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001220084,0.0004741139,0.000231695,0.0006571765,0.0006375536,0.00213047,0.000348101,0.0005187308,0.003246175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003329288,0.0001222767,0.0003150606,0.001011684,0.001279156,0.003441104,0.001552147,0.0008245556,0.0002965316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001273101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00222792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007622825,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009835562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996629,0.0001429635,0.000008644262,0.00003107891,0.00002454872,0.0001298094],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993033,0.0002220034,0.0001666876,0.00004486198,0.0001140763,0.0001490298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002395281,0.0001586403,0.3756428,0.0009976873,0.0002503758,0.001274911,0.007361479,0.05668707,0.003278496,0.2787468,0.01470828,0.2606539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004486734,0.0004494522,0.3672499,0.001782108,0.0002100258,0.0007152157,0.03168783,0.07105459,0.001764834,0.3926446,0.1322319,0.0001646592],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.8454624,0.01647087,0.02096847,0.0646418,0.0002513577,0.00009787707,0.001794188,0.0001258768,0.05018723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923767,0.004033988,0.002265655,0.0005241005,0.00003604423,0.00002799642,0.0001521344,0.000004556389,0.0005787578],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007622825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01515692,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03561698489644761,"score_gpt":0.2736053009230227,"score_spread":0.2379883160265751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}