{"id":"W4406420594","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62660-9_18","title":"Recent Trends in Biomass Valorization for Energy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Environmental science and engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Environmental science; Natural resource economics; Economics; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009774628,0.0001478878,0.0001040455,0.0003867019,0.00004350527,0.00002097747,0.00008106845,0.000105776,0.00007108639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002740447,0.0001560953,0.00002287109,0.00009314342,0.0000609721,0.0001120347,0.00003960067,0.00007296327,0.00000246596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003181145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006317801,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002050651,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001133532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993374,6.382424e-7,0.000119409,0.0002385165,0.0001416818,0.0001623611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998345,0.000005402758,0.00001286472,0.00009288315,0.000003161628,0.0000511798],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009434371,0.00001599429,0.00002775909,0.0002325858,0.00002518623,0.000003251591,0.00009381188,0.00398279,0.1581918,0.004267306,0.002967214,0.8301829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000163898,0.00002092324,0.0002920719,0.00004527646,0.000008724811,0.000002052494,0.000006520293,0.03139161,0.009813013,0.00007318368,0.957934,0.0002487157],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02075013,0.04735905,0.04227616,0.002729248,0.02420964,0.002490098,0.000653944,0.002473301,0.8570584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6655093,0.04167034,0.003124352,0.0002307011,0.000857848,0.0001029513,0.0005733813,0.000193281,0.2877379],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9549668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6365383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006853389250665282,"score_gpt":0.170819460563242,"score_spread":0.1639660713125767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}