{"id":"W4406445764","doi":"10.1016/j.jacceco.2025.101765","title":"Comply-or-explain regulation and investor protection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Accounting and Economics","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Universiteit van Amsterdam; University of Oklahoma","keywords":"Investor protection; Business; Economics; Monetary economics; Financial system; Financial economics; Finance; Corporate governance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004101997,0.0002661828,0.0004337933,0.0004409517,0.0009622501,0.001768084,0.0007836975,0.001642304,0.003388675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01102232,0.0001437321,0.000735746,0.0004984732,0.001764078,0.0008926739,0.001279011,0.001680546,0.0002411868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002572144,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002183324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01851535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02035952,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972405,0.0008623613,0.000144974,0.0003638057,0.0004825902,0.0009058505],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9724693,0.005419228,0.01853345,0.001921414,0.0008524857,0.0008040193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009884747,0.001733405,0.81376,0.0001607685,0.0003940323,0.001054968,0.002553547,0.01421489,0.006061638,0.1199493,0.00469538,0.03443359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003359032,0.001074003,0.9126533,0.00009169313,0.0004258608,0.0002239371,0.002676507,0.03913868,0.00520551,0.02733559,0.01072889,0.0001101538],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9902437,0.0001520797,0.001300371,0.001213048,0.0000185114,0.0000546191,0.0001262111,0.00001481981,0.006876495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987262,0.00004212703,0.0001307644,0.0002076488,0.0000148807,0.00001995588,0.0000601158,0.000001783048,0.0007964775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01851535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03681517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02118488575209292,"score_gpt":0.1991937364291767,"score_spread":0.1780088506770838,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}