{"id":"W4406464204","doi":"10.3390/smartcities8010011","title":"Nanogrids in Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Smart Cities","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Power (physics); Systems engineering; Engineering; Engineering ethics; Computer science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009603368,0.0003968065,0.001812161,0.0002701241,0.00002668298,0.00005132036,0.0002099079,0.0002097932,0.00003449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001902932,0.0003507628,0.0002853735,0.0003340062,0.00002348749,0.0000715806,0.00004838668,0.0002858534,0.00004369572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001310106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001039185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000013382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007662071,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986257,0.0001067511,0.0006593724,0.0002218004,0.0001204334,0.0002659204],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993841,0.0001163218,0.00007726016,0.0003243936,0.00006277271,0.00003515042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[7.967294e-7,0.000006464555,8.843357e-7,0.5574743,0.0001621483,0.00001332008,0.00006091975,0.002379869,5.157462e-8,0.0001150096,0.01453001,0.4252562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000722594,0.000004794214,2.629223e-7,0.1870979,0.0001888933,0.000009001167,0.00001909958,0.001165679,2.112848e-8,0.000008332772,0.8111864,0.0002473288],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[1.436887e-7,0.9931399,0.0003899134,0.000007422404,0.00108644,0.00105409,0.00009657422,0.0002043511,0.004021187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000001602464,0.9985198,0.0000454142,0.00007953616,0.00004923686,0.000407598,0.0001663349,0.00004734135,0.0006831739],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7966564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01593617682263285,"score_gpt":0.2509119349388664,"score_spread":0.2349757581162336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}