{"id":"W4406483851","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.08683","title":"The Physics of Life: Exploring Information as a Distinctive Feature of Living Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Feature (linguistics); Living systems; Data science; Computer science; Cognitive science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005308221,0.0001317165,0.0002063176,0.0001079677,0.0002474433,0.0001017691,0.0006045951,0.00007399711,0.0000100678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01215708,0.00009787776,0.00009026684,0.0005585872,0.000253969,0.0004463446,0.0007347587,0.0004943046,0.00003900163],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005739412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007456891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002260099,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004080327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985136,0.0001804217,0.000316295,0.0002491458,0.000517278,0.0002232012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966833,0.001967213,0.0003858611,0.0004189512,0.0004821996,0.00006248568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003857654,0.0007287592,0.7784369,0.006992036,0.0002093556,0.000004133714,0.0699549,0.005992853,0.03918433,0.02731805,0.00451,0.06628291],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003303025,0.0002870565,0.7528683,0.008600838,0.00009879485,0.000003956986,0.04275925,0.008776266,0.1773008,0.001606804,0.006504119,0.0008635905],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900494,0.00009702922,0.0005820863,0.0004866663,0.001398473,0.0005062508,0.00006027537,0.00002436467,0.006795506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983674,0.0002842903,0.000007626571,0.00007304681,0.0001180122,0.0001806369,0.00000354738,0.000004295966,0.0009610983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1381164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1748928806107259,"score_gpt":0.3564813696396101,"score_spread":0.1815884890288842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}