{"id":"W4406549890","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.018","title":"Vanadium recovery from oil sands petcoke fly ash: A comprehensive techno-economic assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Cenovus Energy; Alberta Innovates; Canada Research Chairs; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Vanadium; Fly ash; Petroleum coke; Waste management; Environmental science; Petroleum; Metallurgy; Petroleum engineering; Environmental chemistry; Coal; Chemistry; Engineering; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001321815,0.001461962,0.001061521,0.002970788,0.0004222208,0.001792285,0.0009305616,0.00112243,0.001723208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00115171,0.0006134722,0.002084609,0.002836167,0.0003142842,0.001437306,0.0005711071,0.0005709853,0.0003484536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004160072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002205479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03425982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03485546,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995573,0.0000811023,0.00002890179,0.00004814854,0.0002128518,0.00007165523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999487,0.0002532453,0.00006207423,0.00004677974,0.0001318299,0.00001903995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009684009,0.000142303,0.004230782,0.0002927792,0.00009879973,0.0001275552,0.00001512976,0.9700261,0.003500626,0.00160626,0.0003498532,0.01951299],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002431231,0.0004639037,0.009882597,0.0001114663,0.0002261813,0.00009536271,0.0001192224,0.9706255,0.01211579,0.002068394,0.004203818,0.00006351708],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9103516,0.004209144,0.05373941,0.0004596674,0.00002892626,0.0005076564,0.008373856,0.0002672012,0.02206236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796937,0.003274424,0.01056694,0.00002866174,0.000007923588,0.0002676031,0.002630641,0.00005106643,0.003479017],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03425982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06812084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007820332680183912,"score_gpt":0.2320613818635933,"score_spread":0.2242410491834093,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}