{"id":"W4406560462","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125623","title":"Characterization of CO2 fluid crossing critical region flow and heat transfer in a vertical loop. Part I: Experimental system and basic trends","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Heat transfer and supercritical fluids","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Atomic Energy Agency; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Mechanics; Heat transfer; Flow (mathematics); Fluid dynamics; Characterization (materials science); Loop (graph theory); Heat transfer fluid; Materials science; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008009759,0.0001908294,0.0002996872,0.0001476332,0.00004356009,0.00005131886,0.00004857935,0.00012785,0.000009096753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000583294,0.0002021777,0.00003283826,0.0001914031,0.00008777528,0.0001153342,0.00001350865,0.0001554233,6.724804e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005323498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009139989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005253248,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.597961e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999094,0.00001311575,0.00030874,0.0001995964,0.00009505783,0.0002894556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.00007723722,2.00586e-7,0.0001062887,0.00001037182,0.00009722775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000367805,0.00002556629,0.00008723174,0.0005252313,0.000015246,0.00001058198,0.0004267433,0.00111466,0.9759853,0.0208742,9.010633e-7,0.0008975764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007995732,0.00003296802,0.003245157,0.0003424796,0.00002722405,0.00001433992,0.0001016685,0.2745784,0.7205814,0.000002543938,0.00005076164,0.0002235405],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9331738,0.0003274106,0.06528305,0.00004065327,0.0001302774,0.0001019304,0.000007029377,0.000152992,0.0007828081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997565,0.00001735379,0.0000815854,0.00002075878,0.00003666404,0.00004520892,0.000008636351,0.00003131419,0.000001936634],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2734637,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8244568,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007146207007535078,"score_gpt":0.2049228730740938,"score_spread":0.1977766660665588,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}