{"id":"W4406564118","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2025.100894","title":"Synchrotron X-ray imaging study on the mechanism of solids transfer to bitumen froth during oil sands flotation 1: True flotation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","topic":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Music Library Association; Government of Saskatchewan; Institute for Oil Sands Innovation, University of Alberta; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates; Imperial Oil Resources; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Research Council; University of Alberta; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"Asphalt; Oil sands; Synchrotron; Mechanism (biology); X-ray; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Mineralogy; Environmental science; Materials science; Optics; Composite material; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002407714,0.0002022951,0.0002674555,0.000432319,0.0002930301,0.0003189234,0.0002668865,0.0002149738,0.001296179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002119708,0.0001813551,0.0002648457,0.0003831082,0.000267323,0.0002816753,0.0001744575,0.0003876294,0.0002064118],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003053551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002465439,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001953146,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002113227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999853,0.00001158129,0.000009885203,0.00003684157,0.00005694594,0.00003162689],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997963,0.00004111247,0.0000621291,0.000014979,0.00006474763,0.00002077724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001207285,0.00002608933,0.003598077,0.00009131237,0.00001189414,0.00009270629,0.0001431736,0.0002688554,0.9926775,0.0001350654,0.00006287447,0.002771733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005529675,0.0001548277,0.04143219,0.000007473856,0.00002705204,0.00009349456,0.0002533875,0.006687445,0.9503068,0.00006872371,0.0009492337,0.0000138187],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947242,0.000410657,0.003966015,0.00003209574,0.000007462508,0.00001781055,0.0001920367,0.00006955082,0.0005800689],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928935,0.0003964739,0.004849088,0.00002196781,0.000006336051,0.00003130839,0.0002252539,0.0000242755,0.001551748],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001953146,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004336178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003955454534494777,"score_gpt":0.2120783018461129,"score_spread":0.2081228473116181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}