{"id":"W4406584529","doi":"10.1016/j.jslw.2025.101176","title":"The role of communicative purpose in describing and interpreting lexico-grammatical variation in L2 writing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Second Language Writing","topic":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Lexico; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Computer science; Natural language processing; Psychology; Lexicon; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001941925,0.00009996186,0.0003203969,0.0002743427,0.0001960305,0.0001866053,0.0002281485,0.00002981141,0.0001124511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007492041,0.0000744436,0.00007371118,0.0001030425,0.0002144056,0.0002963427,0.0001507411,0.000410291,3.320276e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000564136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003364138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002617933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00605876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984905,0.0002183629,0.0008849782,0.00008640285,0.000137646,0.0001821563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980891,0.001171241,0.0004597314,0.0001306235,0.0001303888,0.00001894438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000684354,0.0001295087,0.0132408,0.0001605779,0.0002723837,0.00006287837,0.5726566,0.00002998951,0.007929808,0.2326216,0.0000229623,0.1728045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005066658,0.00004075584,0.003054423,0.002035252,0.00005654599,0.00001062455,0.9869783,0.001649125,0.0008249761,0.004437218,0.0002992085,0.0001069384],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9317995,0.01380914,0.00006112767,0.0002807367,0.00004756824,0.00007980912,0.000003358671,0.000005015756,0.05391378],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991754,0.00007908403,0.0004669163,0.00008943416,0.00009265875,0.000003544746,7.548134e-7,0.000007582149,0.00008466986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4143217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.338093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01419664493068331,"score_gpt":0.2741196344685615,"score_spread":0.2599229895378782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}