{"id":"W4406588672","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2025.01.025","title":"Discovery of Ge2+ in quartz: Evidence from EPR/XAS experiments and DFT calculations, and implications for Ge/Si systematics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","topic":"Glass properties and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Canadian Light Source","keywords":"Systematics; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Quartz; Geology; Materials science; Physics; Absorption spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Paleontology; Optics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002585661,0.0002623608,0.0001440641,0.0002208153,0.0002931548,0.0002461336,0.000360107,0.0003705586,0.0008759313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003649143,0.0002298553,0.0001409375,0.0001897979,0.0004152568,0.000381221,0.0002403347,0.0002935424,0.00006948903],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002646713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001587459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009391933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001395206,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999452,0.000008666218,0.000003193221,0.00001528414,0.00002005671,0.000007678782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999249,0.00003555352,0.00001178571,0.00001327859,0.00001035007,0.000004040306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005033027,0.000205167,0.05102371,0.001566125,0.0001819092,0.001761489,0.0007779973,0.05022558,0.8223985,0.03293253,0.001614994,0.03680854],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001336014,0.0007949632,0.105471,0.0001594373,0.0001478292,0.001099715,0.001161527,0.387412,0.4615406,0.03038927,0.01159444,0.00009558873],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9886335,0.0008412981,0.007350147,0.0003614893,0.00001763114,0.00001397117,0.0002211762,0.0000573358,0.002503419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996493,0.0004803169,0.002714867,0.00002120515,0.000005648139,0.000007704041,0.0001008856,0.000008307509,0.0001679222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009391933,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002930224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03722809181363405,"score_gpt":0.3163918727302276,"score_spread":0.2791637809165935,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}