{"id":"W4406591975","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-26474-0.00006-3","title":"Assessing the environmental and health effects of friction stir welding and fusion welding in urban infrastructure development","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Magna International (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Welding; Friction stir welding; Fusion welding; Metallurgy; Environmental science; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002435699,0.0003132132,0.0004549248,0.0002801038,0.0001422581,0.00003857779,0.0001014287,0.0001998674,0.00000696735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006526606,0.0002733375,0.00004949756,0.00002387306,0.00005629154,0.00007396459,0.0001740234,0.0004930641,3.273996e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003846634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003052298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001075487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009307169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988972,0.00002243135,0.0004328205,0.0002805588,0.0001712155,0.0001958004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994741,0.00009638894,0.0001679942,0.0002058533,0.000006124235,0.00004955527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001304175,0.000001660705,0.0005300019,0.0006302093,0.00006040067,0.000004348365,0.0005423456,0.000311226,0.0006437888,0.0001431237,0.00003292726,0.9970987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001986525,0.000248144,0.05009324,0.02884409,0.0007544575,0.00007687904,0.0004509536,0.01139974,0.02464665,0.01657628,0.8615658,0.003357243],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2193414,0.0641771,0.02987552,0.0002392081,0.001556311,0.006403904,0.00004160905,0.001276315,0.6770887],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.910426,0.004933982,0.03551912,0.0001416212,0.0001412336,0.00007912855,0.00003872332,0.0001754618,0.04854478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9937414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999719,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006099841757155293,"score_gpt":0.2354879967713855,"score_spread":0.2293881550142302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}