{"id":"W4406606434","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125672","title":"A novel approach for exhaust gas recirculation stratification in a spark-ignition engine","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Ignition system; Exhaust gas recirculation; Spark-ignition engine; Stratification (seeds); SPARK (programming language); Gas engine; Environmental science; Exhaust gas; Automotive engineering; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000156382,0.0002457068,0.00023884,0.0003506431,0.00003760837,0.00002147739,0.0002027577,0.0001965137,0.00000662237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001245978,0.0002834669,0.00005711058,0.0006252745,0.00001756718,0.0001358003,0.00003867311,0.0003024456,0.000003213576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002117187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001610045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004014427,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.561107e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988156,0.000002704757,0.0003653434,0.0003562354,0.0001157782,0.0003443435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994404,0.0001172882,0.00005653367,0.0003102316,0.00004238881,0.00003315667],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001472819,0.00003425655,0.000004669783,0.00008647489,0.0000132476,1.507838e-7,0.00002246379,0.538744,0.4012527,0.054324,0.000003387038,0.005499904],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009050848,0.000007817048,0.00044113,0.00005330067,0.00001668333,0.000001545573,0.00007510217,0.8803428,0.1170564,0.0006915539,0.0001508954,0.0002577485],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02892328,0.0000555364,0.9664078,0.00005723764,0.0000781136,0.000668634,0.000007401787,0.0009150257,0.002887008],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8671632,0.000004798611,0.1317615,0.00001419873,0.00005305881,0.0007989178,0.0001167436,0.00004266264,0.00004492804],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8382398,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01621676384958952,"score_gpt":0.2287286212464326,"score_spread":0.2125118573968431,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}